Kaesong

The First Battle of Maryang-san (3–8 October 1951), also known as the Defensive Battle of Maliangshan (Chinese: 馬良山防衛戰; pinyin: Mǎliáng Shān Fángyù Zhàn), was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Australian, British and Canadian—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The fighting occurred during a limited UN offensive by US I Corps, codenamed Operation Commando. This offensive ultimately pushed the PVA back from the Imjin River to the Jamestown Line and destroyed elements of four PVA armies following heavy fighting. The much smaller battle at Maryang-san took place over a five-day period, and saw the 1st Commonwealth Division dislodge a numerically superior PVA force from the tactically important Kowang-san (Hill 355), Hill 187, and Maryang-san (Hill 317, a.k.a. Hill 315) features.

The Battle of Outpost Kelly was fought between 17 and 24 September 1952 during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) and Chinese forces for possession of a UN outpost position. The Chinese successfully seized the position and defended it against UN counterattacks. The battle is notable for the defending UN force having been largely composed of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans.

The Battle of the Nevada Complex was fought between 25 and 29 May 1953 during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) and Chinese forces over several front line outposts. After suffering heavy losses the UN abandoned the positions.

The Battle of the Noris was fought between 11 and 14 December 1952 during the Korean War between South Korean and Chinese forces on two adjacent hills known as Big Nori and Little Nori.

왕징면(旺澄面)은 경기도 연천군의 면이다.

Kwanŭmsa is a Korean Buddhist temple located within Taehung Castle on Mt. Chonma near Kaesong, North Korea. The site is one of the National Treasures of North Korea. Named after Guanyin, the buddhist bodhisattva of compassion, this small temple is located in the valley between Mts. Chonma and Songgo. The temple was founded in 970 when a monk deposited two marble statues of the goddess in a cave behind the temple's current location. The temple itself was constructed in 1393 under the Koryo Dynasty, and later renovated in 1646 under the Joseon. The site contains many ancient relics, including a seven-story pagoda from the Koryo dynasty and the ancient Guanyin statues in Kwanum Cave. The doors of the main shrine, known as the Taeung Hall, are decorated with carved flowers and leaves; an old legend relays why the decorations on one door are unfinished. During the reconstruction of the temple during the Joseon dynasty, one of the main carvers was a twelve-year-old boy named Unna, famed for his skill in carving. One day, while working on the temple, he heard his mother was seriously ill, and asked to be allowed to visit her. He was refused, and his mother died shortly after. He blamed himself and his skillful hands for his mother's death, and so out of grief used his carving axe to chop off his hand. He then disappeared into the forest, never to be seen again. Today, a carving of a boy with one hand ascending to heaven on the back of a white tiger can still be seen on the unfinished door.

Anhwasa is a Korean Buddhist temple located on Mt. Songak in the historic city of Kaesong, North Korea. Once one of the smallest of the many temples in Kaesong, today it is the only one to have survived the Korean War.

Ryŏhyŏn station is a railway station located in Ryŏhyŏl-li, Kaepung-guyok, Kaesong city, North Korea. It is located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang. Though this line physically connects P'yŏngyang to Pusan via Dorasan, in operational reality it ends at Kaesŏng due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

헌릉(憲陵)은 개풍구역 삼거리에 위치한 고려 제4대 광종과 광종비 대목왕후 황보씨의 능이다. 위치는 개성시 계풍구역이다.

The May 2018 inter-Korean summit was the second inter-Korean summit in 2018. On 26 May, North Korean state chairman Kim Jong Un and South Korean president Moon Jae-in met again in the joint Security Area, this time on the North Korean side in the Inter-Korean Peace House in the Unification Pavilion. The meeting took two hours, and unlike other summits it had not been publicly announced beforehand. Photos released by South Korea's presidential office showed Moon arriving at the northern side of the Panmunjom truce village and shaking hands with Kim's sister, Kim Yo Jong, before sitting down with Kim for their summit. Moon was accompanied by Suh Hoon, Director of the National Intelligence Service of South Korea, while Kim was joined by Kim Yong-chol, a former military intelligence chief who is now a vice chairman of the North Korean ruling party's central committee tasked with inter-Korean relations. The meeting was largely centered around North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's upcoming summit with US President Donald Trump. Kim and Moon also embraced before Moon returned to South Korea. On 27 May, Moon stated in a public address that he and Kim agreed to meet again at "anytime and anyplace" without any formality and that the North Korean leader once again pledged to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula in accordance with the Panmunjom Declaration.

The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought between 9 August and 30 September 1952 during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) and Chinese forces over several frontline outposts.

The Battle of the Berlin Outposts and Bunker City was fought between 7 and 27 July 1953 during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) and Chinese forces over several frontline outposts.

The Imjin River (Korean: 임진강; South Korean spelling) or Rimjin (림진강; North Korean spelling) is the seventh-largest river in Korea. It flows from north to south, crossing the Demilitarized Zone and joining the Han River downstream of Seoul, near the Yellow Sea.

Pongdong station is a railway station located in Pongsan County, North Hwanghae province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang; though this line physically connects P'yŏngyang to Pusan via Dorasan, in operational reality it ends at Kaesŏng due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Goryeo (Korean: 고려; Hanja: 高麗; MR: Koryŏ; pronounced [ko.ɾjʌ]; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, romanized: kwòwlyéy) was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians, as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Korean identity. The name Korea is derived from the name of Goryeo, also romanized as Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo; Goryeo was a successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo.

The 72-Hour Bridge (Korean: 72시간 다리) or Bridge of 72 Hours, known as the Panmunjom Bridge by the Korean People's Army, is a bridge in Panmunjom that crosses the Sach'ŏn River and connects the Joint Security Area (JSA) to North Korea. The bridge was built in August 1976 in the span of 72 hours after the Korean axe murder incident closed the Bridge of No Return that North Korea originally used to access the JSA.

The Korean Armistice Agreement (Korean: 한국정전협정; Hanja: 韓國停戰協定) is an armistice that brought about a cessation of hostilities of the Korean War. It was signed by United States Army Lieutenant General William Harrison Jr. and General Mark W. Clark representing the United Nations Command (UNC), North Korea leader Kim Il Sung and General Nam Il representing the Korean People's Army (KPA), and Peng Dehuai representing the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The armistice was signed on 27 July 1953, and came into force at 22:00 local time (UTC+09:00) the same day and was designed to "ensure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved."

Amsil is a village in P'anmun-guyŏk, Kaesŏng, North Korea near the South Korean border. It is visible from the Odusan Unification Observatory in the southern border.

Manwŏltae (Korean: 만월대; Hanja: 滿月臺; lit. 'Full Moon Platform'), or Mangwŏltae (망월대; 望月臺), was the main palace of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. It did not have an official name, such as "Gyeongbokgung" (the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty), because it was an imperial palace like the imperial palaces of China (e.g. "大內", "皇城"). Located in the Goryeo capital of Kaesong (now in North Korea), the palace was burned in 1011, 1126, 1171, 1225, and 1362. The name "Manwŏltae" was given to the ruins of the palace during the 14th or 15th century of the Joseon period.

Hurŭng (Korean: 후릉), also known as Huneung, is a 15th-century royal mausoleum located in Ryongjong Village, Panmun-guyok, Kaesong, North Korea. The site consists of two separate burial mounds, which contain the remains of Jeongjong, the second king of the Joseon dynasty and son of its founder Taejo, as well as the body of his wife, Queen Jeongan. Construction on the tombs began after Queen Jeongan's death in 1412, and was only completed after Jeongjong himself died in 1419. Both tombs consist of a burial mound ringed with a carved granite base; they are surrounded by statues of the twelve zodiac animals. The "spirit road" up to the tombs is lined with statues of military officers and Confucian officials.

Kaep'ung station is a railway station located in Kaep'ung-ŭp, Kaepung-guyok, Kaesong city, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang; though this line physically connects P'yŏngyang to Pusan via Dorasan, in operational reality it ends at Kaesŏng due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

The Cherŭng Royal Tomb, also known as Jeneung Royal Tomb, is a 15th-century mausoleum located in Chi-dong, Panmun-guyok Kaesong, North Korea. The site contains the body of Queen Sinui, first wife of Yi Song-gye, the founder of the Joseon dynasty. Construction on the tomb began after her death in 1392; as she died before her husband overthrew the Goryeo dynasty to become king, she was buried in the Goryeo-era capital of Gaegyeong (present-day Kaesong). After Yi took the throne, she was posthumously awarded the title of "queen". The burial mound is ringed with a carved granite base, while the "spirit road" leading to the tomb is lined with statues of military officers and Confucian officials.

Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing (Korean: 남북공동연락사무소 폭파사건; lit. 'Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident') refers to the bombing of the Inter-Korean Liaison Office located in Kaesong, Democratic People's Republic of Korea on June 16, 2020. The two Koreas decided to close the office on January 30 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and South Korean staff left the same day. Before the incident, Kim Jong-Un's sister Kim Yo-Jong blamed North Korean defectors in South Korea for spreading leaflets across the demilitarized zone, which North Korea said violated the Panmunjom Declaration. This incident worsened inter-Korean relations.

Sungyang Hall is a fourteenth-century Confucian academy located on the side of Mt. Janam in Kaesong, North Korea. The hall was constructed in the late fourteenth century for the home of the famously loyal statesman and Confucian scholar Chŏng Mong-ju, whose 1392 assassination by the agents of the later Taejo of Joseon marked the end of the Koryo dynasty. In 1573, the building was transformed into a Confucian academy.

The Kaesong Chomsongdae Observatory is located in Songak-dong, Kaesong, North Korea. It was an astronomical observatory during the Koryo period. Now only a granite platform remains, the sides of which coincide with the main cardinal points.

The Walled City of Kaesong surround the royal castle, Manwoldae. The walls have a total length of 23 km and are partially preserved.

Ch'ŏnjusa (Korean: 천주사) is a Korean Buddhist temple located on the southern slope of Yaksan mountain, in Yongbyon, North Pyongan province, North Korea. It is listed as National Treasure #46 in that country. Founded in 1684 during the mid-Joseon dynasty, the temple today retains its main prayer hall, known as Pogwang Hall (普光殿); the Chonju Pavilion (天柱樓), once known as one of the six most scenic spots in Yongbyon; and several lesser outbuildings, including storage rooms, and dormitories. Many buildings still feature delicate original paintings in a well-preserved state.

Panmun Field(판문흰두루미살이터) is an 8000 ha wetland site in southern North Hwanghae Province of North Korea, close to the city of Kaesong and the border with South Korea. It contains mainly rice paddies. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of swan geese, greater white-fronted geese, white-naped cranes, hooded cranes and red-crowned cranes. It is threatened by human disturbance.

Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kaesong, North Korea. The site consists of 12 separate components, which together testify to the history and culture of the Koryo Dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries. The geomantic layout of the former capital city of Kaesong, its palaces, institutions and tomb complex, defensive walls and gates embody the political, cultural, philosophical and spiritual values of a crucial era in the region's history. The monuments inscribed also include an astronomical and meteorological observatory, two schools (including one dedicated to educating national officials) and commemorative steles. The site testifies to the transition from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism in East Asia and to the assimilation of the cultural, spiritual, and political values of the states that existed prior to Korea's unification under the Koryo Dynasty. The integration of Buddhist, Confucian, Taoist and geomantic concepts is manifest in the planning of the site and the architecture of its monuments. The World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2013 under criteria (ii) and (iii). The site has an area of 494.2 ha with a buffer zone of 5,222.1 ha.

The Bell of Yonbok Temple (Korean: 연복사종; Hanja: 演福寺鐘) is an historic bell which is kept on the upper storey of the Namdae Gate in Kaesong, North Korea. It is listed as number 136 on the list of National Treasures of North Korea and is one of the "three famous bells in the DPRK along with the bells in Sangwon and Pongdok Temples".

The Songgyungwan was the highest educational institution established in Korea during the Koryo and Choson dynasties. It opened in 992. The institution consists of the Taesong Temple, Myongnyun Hall and 20 other buildings, including one of the largest wooden buildings to still exist in the DPRK.

The Inter-Korean Liaison Office (Korean: 남북공동연락사무소) was a joint liaison office of North Korea and South Korea located in North Korea's Kaesong Industrial Region.

례성강역(禮成江驛)은 조선민주주의인민공화국 개성특별시 개풍구역(舊 경기도 개풍군 서면 전포리(錢浦里))에 있었던 토해선의 철도역이다. 1932년 9월 1일 토해선 개통 당시에는 있었으나, 6.25 이후 례성강철교가 파괴됨에 따라 제기능을 못하게 되어 폐역되었다.

개풍군(開豊郡)은 조선민주주의인민공화국에 속하는 군이었다. 한강 하구에 접해 있었다. 조선민주주의인민공화국은 구 개풍군 일대와 구 판문군이 각각 개성시의 개풍구역과 판문구역으로 복구되었다.